Python Basics, Python 101

print(“Hello World”)

python3 hello.py

Hello World

#single line comment
’’’
Multi-line comment
using docstring
’’’

fav_activity =  “swimming”
print(fav_activity)

print(46 + 2)  # 48 (addition)
print(10 - 9)  # 1 (subtraction)
print(3 * 3)  # 9 (multiplication)
print(84 / 2)  # 42.0 (division)
print(2 ** 8)  # 256 (exponent)
print(11 % 2)  # 1 (remainder of the division)
print(11 // 2)  # 5 (floor division)

language = “python”
multi_lin = ’’’come one
came all
’’’
greetings = ‘hello’

# can store any data type
multiple_types = [True, 3.7, "Python"]

# access and modify
favourite_foods = ["pasta", "pizza", "french fries"]
print(favourite_foods[1]) # pizza
favourite_foods[0] = "rösti"
print(favourite_foods[0]) # rösti

# subsets
print(favourite_foods[1:3]) # ['pizza', 'french fries']
print(favourite_foods[2:]) # ['french fries']
print(favourite_foods[0:2]) # ['rösti', 'pizza']

# append
favourite_foods.append("paella")

# insert at index
favourite_foods.insert(1, "soup")

# remove
favourite_foods.remove("soup")

# get length
print(len(favourite_foods)) # 4

# get subset (the original list is not modified)
print(favourite_foods[1:3]) # ['pizza', 'french fries']

# lists inside lists
favourite_drinks = ["water", "wine", "juice"]
favourites = [favourite_foods, favourite_drinks]
print(favourites[1][2]) # juice

#tuples

new_tuple = ("a", "b", "c", "d")
print(len(new_tuple)) # 4
print(new_tuple[1]) # b
print(new_tuple[1:4]) # ('b', 'c', 'd')

t1 = tuple([12,25,93])
t2 = tuple('abcde')

t1 = (5,)

language_creators = {
  "Python" : "Guido van Rossum",
  "C" : "Dennis Ritchie",
  "Java" : "James Gosling",
  "Go": "Robert Griesemer",
  "Perl" : "Larry Wall"
}

# access, modify, delete
print(language_creators["Python"]) # Guido van Rossum
language_creators["Go"] = ["Robert Griesemer", "Rob Pike", "Ken Thompson"]
print(language_creators["Go"]) # ['Robert Griesemer', 'Rob Pike', 'Ken Thompson']
print(len(language_creators)) # 5
del language_creators["Perl"]
print(len(language_creators)) # 4

# print keys and values
print(language_creators.keys())
print(language_creators.values())

# booleans

a = True
b = False
if a is True and b is False:
  print("YUP!")

# logical operators:

laundry_day = "Monday"
today = "Tuesday"
on_vacation = False
if today is laundry_day and today is not "Sunday" and on_vacation is False:
  print("It's laundry day!")
else:
  print("The laundry can wait!")


# comparison operators:
age = 21
if age >= 21:
  print("You can drive a trailer")
elif age >= 16:
  print("You can drive a car")
else:
  print("You can ride a bike")

# foor loop
for x in range(0, 3):
  print(x)

# loop through list
for x in ["Python", "Go", "Java"]:
  print(x)

# loop through dictionary
language_creators = {
  "Python" : "Guido van Rossum",
  "C" : "Dennis Ritchie",
  "Java" : "James Gosling",
}
for key, value in language_creators.items():
  print("Language: {}; Creator: {}".format(key, value))

# while loop

level = 0
while(level < 30):
  level += 1
  print(level)

# functions
def allowed_to_drive(age):
  if age >= 21:
    return True
  else:
    return False

print(allowed_to_drive(42)) # True
print(allowed_to_drive(12)) # False

def is_laundry_day(today, laundry_day = "Monday", on_vacation = False):
  if today is laundry_day and today is not "Sunday" and on_vacation is False:
    return True
  else:
    return False

print(is_laundry_day("Tuesday")) # False
print(is_laundry_day("Tuesday", "Tuesday")) # True
print(is_laundry_day("Friday", "Friday", True)) # False

# classes

class Email:
  # __ means private
  __read = False

  def __init__(self, subject, body):
    self.subject = subject
    self.body = body

  def mark_as_read(self):
    self.__read = True

  def is_read(self):
    return self.__read

  def is_spam(self):
    return "you won 1 million" in self.subject

e = Email("Check this out", "There are a bunch of free online course here: https://course.online")
print(e.is_spam()) # False
print(e.mark_as_read())
print(e.is_read()) # True

# inheritance

class EmailWithAttachment(Email):
  def __init__(self, subject, body, attachment):
    super(EmailWithAttachment, self).__init__(subject, body)
    self.__attachment = attachment

  def get_attachment_size(self):
    return len(self.__attachment)

email_with_attachment = EmailWithAttachment("you won 1 million dollars", "open attachment to win", "one million.pdf")
print(email_with_attachment.is_spam()) # True
print(email_with_attachment.get_attachment_size()) # 15

# write
todos_file = open("todos.txt", "wb")
todos_file.write(bytes("buy a new domain name\n", "UTF-8"))
todos_file.write(bytes("work on the side project\n", "UTF-8"))
todos_file.write(bytes("learn a new programming language\n", "UTF-8"))
todos_file.close()

# read
todos_file = open("todos.txt", "r+")
todos_file_contents = todos_file.read()
print(todos_file_contents)