Use cases: Visualizing data in 3 dimensions Comparing data points in 3 dimensions
The 3D plot does a great job at visualizing data points in 3 dimensions, you can also rotate and tilt such a 3D graph to look at it from different points of view.
Next up, the Word cloud: Use cases: Visualizing data in the form of words and sentences Sentiment analysis
This will be useful for visualizing things like today's news headlines, tweets or twitter bios. A good example is this tutorial explaining how to create a word cloud of news headlines in python.
Now for The Sankey diagram: Use cases: Visualizing data flows and how different pieces of data distribute, and contribute to each other
This one is my personal favorite since this provides a simple and effective way of visualizing everyday things like: monthly expenses, finance management, resource management and more...
Last but not least, the Radar chart: Use cases: Visualizing characteristics and data based on data points in multiple dimensions
This one is a little hard to understand from the beginning, but once you get the hang of it, you'll see that it's very useful for visualizing and comparing data in multiple dimensions.