43
GUI in Python Using Tkinter
Python libraries to create Graphical Interfaces :
Tkinter is an inbuilt Python module used to create simple GUI apps.
Tk provides following widgets :
It provided the following top-level windows :
Tk also provides three geometry managers :
Eg.
import tkinter
window = Tkinter.Tk() # creates main window
window.title("GUI")
label = tkinter.Label(window , text="Hello World !!").pack()
window.mainloop()mainloop() is used when our application is ready to run. mainloop() is an infinite loop used to run the application, wait for an event to occur and process the event till the window is not closed.
It is used to add a button in our application.
window = Button(master, option=value)master represents the parent window.
activebackground : sets the background color when button is under the cursor.
activeforeground : sets the foreground color when button is under the cursor.
bg : sets normal background color
fg : sets the foreground color
command : to call a function
font : sets the font of button label
image : sets the image on the button
width : sets the width of the button
height : sets the height of the button
justify : LEFT , RIGHT , CENTER
import tkinter as tk
window = tk.Tk()
window.title("Python")
button = tk.Button(window , text = 'GUI',width = 25,command = window.destroy)
button.pack()
window.mainloop()Output is :
It is used to display text or image.
window = Label(master,option=value)bg : sets the normal background color
command : to call a function
font : sets the font of Label text
image : sets the image on the Label
width : sets the width of the Label
height : sets the height of the Label
command : to call a function
font : sets the font of Label text
image : sets the image on the Label
width : sets the width of the Label
height : sets the height of the Label
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
l1 = Label(root,text="GUI Python",bg="pink",width = 25)
l1.pack()
root.mainloop()Output is :
(Text Field)
It is used to input single line of text.
window = Entry(master,option=value)bg : sets the background color
fg : sets the foreground color
font : sets the font for widget
justify : LEFT , RIGHT , CENTER
command : to call a function
width : sets the width of widget
height : sets the height of widget
show : Normally, the characters that the user types appear in the entry. To make a .password. entry that echoes each character as (show = "*")
delete(start,end) : delete a character or range of characters
get() : returns the text of widget
insert(index,string) : inserts text at the specified index
select_range(start,end) : selects specified range.
select_present() : returns True if there is a selection,false otherwise
from tkinter import *
master = Tk()
l1=Label(master,text='first Name')
l1.grid(row=0)
l2=Label(master,text='Last Name')
l2.grid(row=1)
e1=Entry(master)
e2=Entry(master)
e1.grid(row=0,column=1)
e2.grid(row=1,column=1)
mainloop()Output is :
It is used to edit multi line text and formate the way it has to be displayed.
t = Text(master,option = value)highlightcolor : set the color of focus highlight
insertbackground : set the background of the widget
bg : sets the normal background color
fg : sets the foreground color
bd : sets width of the border around the widget. (Default is 2 pixels)
font : sets the font
image : sets the image
width : sets the width (in pixels)
height : sets the height (in lines)
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
t = Text(root , height = 4,width=40)
t.pack()
t.insert(END,'ANJALI KUMAWAT \nCOMPUTER SCIENCE UNDERGRAD \nGWOC"21" CONTRIBUTOR')
mainloop()Output is :
delete(start,end) - deletes a specific character or a range of text
get(start,end) - returns a specific character or a range of text
insert(index,string) - inserts text at the specified index
get(start,end) - returns a specific character or a range of text
insert(index,string) - inserts text at the specified index
It is used to display a number of options to a user as toggle buttons.
window = CheckButton(master , option = value)bg : sets background color
fg : sets foreground color
command : to call a function
font : sets the font
image : sets the image
cffvalue : A checkbutton's associated control variable will be set to 0 when it is cleared(off).We can supply an alternate value for the off state.
onvalue : A checkbutton's associated control variable will be set to 1 when it is set(on).We can supply an alternate value for the on state.
state : Default is state=NORMAL but we can use state=DISANLED to grey out the control and make is unresponsive.
variable : This is control variable associated with checkbutton that tracks the current state of widget.Normally this variable is an IntVar and 0 means cleared and 1 means set.
Width : sets the width of widget.
Deselect() - clears the checkbutton
Select() - selects the checkbutton
Toggle() - reverses the state(on/off)
Select() - selects the checkbutton
Toggle() - reverses the state(on/off)
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
var1 = IntVar()
var2 = IntVar()
c1 = Checkbutton(root,text = "like Mango ? ",variable = var1,onvalue = 1,offvalue = 0,width = 40)
c2 = Checkbutton(root,text = "like Orange ? ",variable = var2,onvalue = 1,offvalue = 0,width = 40)
c1.pack()
c2.pack()
root.mainloop()Output is :
It is used to offer multiple choice option to the used and user can select one option.
window = RadioButton(master,option=value)bg : sets the background color
fg : sets foreground color
command : to call a function
font : sets the font
image : sets the image
width : sets the width
variable : variable associated with the Radiobuttons.
value : when a radiobutton is selected by user,its control variable is set to its associated value. If the control variable is an IntVar , give each radiobutton in the group a different integer value option. If the control variable is a StringVar,give each radiobutton a different string value option.
select() - selects Radiobutton
deselect() - deselects Radiobutton
deselect() - deselects Radiobutton
from tkinter import *
def select():
if choice.get()==1:
order = "Large Pizza"
elif choice.get()==2:
order = "Medium Pizza"
else:
order = "Small Pizza"
selection = "You have ordered "+order
label.config(text=selection)
root = Tk()
root.title("Pizza Corner")
choice = IntVar()
rbLarge = Radiobutton(root, text = "Large Pizza",font=20,variable=choice,value=1,command=select)
rbMedium = Radiobutton(root, text = "Medium Pizza",font=20,variable=choice,value=2,command=select)
rbSmall = Radiobutton(root, text = "Small Pizza",font=20,variable=choice,value=3,command=select)
rbLarge.pack(anchor=W)
rbMedium.pack(anchor=W)
rbSmall.pack(anchor=W)
label = Label(root,text="Choose pizza that you want!!",font=35)
label.pack()
mainloop()Output is :
When we are not clicking on any RadioButton -
If we are clicking on any RadioButton then -
It is used to select a value from fixed number of values.
window = Spinbox(root,option=value)bg : sets the background color
fg : sets foreground color
font : sets the font
justify : LEFT,RIGHT,CENTER
width : sets the width for widget
from_ : sets the minimum value
to : sets the maximum value
get() - returns the value
from tkinter import *
def select():
string = "Selection is "+str(sp.get())
l.config(text=string)
root = Tk()
sp = Spinbox(root,from_=0,to=10,command=select,width = 15,font=30)
sp.pack()
l=Label(root,text=" ")
l.pack()
mainloop()Output is :
Keep Learning......
Keep Coding......👩💻❤️🙌
Keep Coding......👩💻❤️🙌
43