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The Easiest Way To Setup A MongoDB Replica Set on Docker-compose/Kubernetes
Let's say you're building an app, and you need to implement multi-document transactions to ensure updates across multiple collections succeed or fail together.
This article will help you set up everything you need to take advantage of this feature of MongoDB in your dev environment or when running your integration tests.
This article will not go into how MongoDB Transactions work or how to use them.
There are already several awesome resources covering that. Links to some of my favorites are included at the bottom of this article.
There are already several awesome resources covering that. Links to some of my favorites are included at the bottom of this article.
Beginning at 4.0, MongoDB added support for multi-document ACID transactions.
This is awesome but there's a caveat:
To utilize transactions, MongoDB must be configured as a replica set or a sharded cluster. Transactions are not supported on standalone deployments. If you are using a database hosted on Atlas, you do not need to worry about this as every Atlas cluster is either a replica set or a sharded cluster.
A replica set in MongoDB is a group of mongod processes that are used to maintain the same data set. They provide high redundancy and high availability.
If you aren't using Docker, There is an NPM package called
run-rs, which can help you set this up. However, if you are developing using docker-compose/Kubernetes, or need to quickly spin up a zero-config replica set to run in a CI suite, this is for you.Alright, lets get into it.
# docker-compose.yml
version: "3"
services:
mongodb:
image : davybello/mongo-replica-set:4.4.8
container_name: mongodb
volumes:
- "./docker/.data/mongo1:/var/lib/mongo1"
- "./docker/.data/mongo2:/var/lib/mongo2"
- "./docker/.data/mongo3:/var/lib/mongo3"
ports:
- 27017:27017
- 27018:27018
- 27019:27019That's it!!
Really, that's all you need to have a replica set up and running.
A quick breakdown of what that does:
davybello/mongo-replica-set:4.4.8 image./docker/.data/mongo1, /mongo2 and /mongo3
and it's just as easy when;
Here's a sample pod config
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: mongo-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: mongo
image: davybello/mongo-replica-set:4.4.8Pretty neat, but how do you connect to this?
The ports can be exposed through a service like so
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mongo-service
spec:
selector:
app: mongo
ports:
- name: db1
protocol: TCP
port: 27017
targetPort: 27017
- name: db2
protocol: TCP
port: 27018
targetPort: 27018
- name: db3
protocol: TCP
port: 27019
targetPort: 27019This exposes each MongoDB instance on ports 21017, 21018, and 21019 respectively
You can connect to the replica-set from any app in your cluster using this service.
To persist your data here's a sample config using a PersistentVolumeClaim named
mongo-volumeapiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: mongo-pod
spec:
containers:
- name: mongo
image: davybello/mongo-replica-set:4.4.8
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: '/var/lib/mongo1'
subPath: "mongo1"
name: mongo-data
- mountPath: '/var/lib/mongo2'
subPath: "mongo2"
name: mongo-data
- mountPath: '/var/lib/mongo3'
subPath: "mongo3"
name: mongo-data
volumes:
- name: mongo-data
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: mongo-volumeIn the end, We've seen how to easily set up a replica set, with basically zero config, using docker-compose and Kubernetes.
We've also seen how to expose the ports for each MongoDB instance. As well as persist the data with volume mounts.
We've also seen how to expose the ports for each MongoDB instance. As well as persist the data with volume mounts.
If you are curious about how to set up a replica set manually, or you want to do some further reading, links are included below
Let me know what you think about this?
And feel free to share any improvement tips for this. ✌️
And feel free to share any improvement tips for this. ✌️
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