Authentication with credentials using Next-Auth and MongoDB - Part 1

Authentication can be a bit sketchy sometimes as we have to keep so much in mind, like session management, protecting several routes/pages, hashing passwords, validating user's credentials during sign-up and sign-in. Also, creating an authentication from scratch can be a lot of work.

If you're working with Next.JS, then you should try using Next-Auth as it provides many authentication schemes like JWT, cookie, etc. And also using third-party authentication providers like Google, Facebook, and (yes!) even with Discord.

Also, next-auth helps in session management so that the server can't be tricked easily.

Providers aside, we will be looking into setting up authentication based on users' credentials like email and password.

Things to consider during authentication

Client form validation

Server form value validation

Hashing users' passwords during sign-up for the obvious reason

Storing into a database

Checking of the hashed password during sign-in

Protecting routes for the non-authenticated user

Proper error handling for both frontend and backend

Packages we need

I am using Next.js as the framework for the demonstration.

Along with that

next-auth for authentication

bycryptjs for hashing the passwords

mongodb for MongoDB functions

NOTE

This is not a frontend tutorial so I'll not be covering any notifications on successful events and/or CSS stuff.

Website scaffolding

The website is very simple consisting of 4 pages and obviously a navbar for better demonstration:

Homepage

Change password page

Install packages and setting up database

npm i next-auth mongodb bycryptjs

During install, we will sign up for a free MongoDB account on their website.

Now, we can connect to that database using the connect code from their dashboard. We should use the MongoURL from inside of a .env.local file for more refined and secure code.

Before sign-in, users need to signup for that particular website. NextJS provides us to write API codes in the pages/api folder using the NodeJS environment. It will also follow the same folder-structured route.

For the sign-up route, we will create a route pages/api/auth/signup.js. We also need to make sure that only the POST method is accepted and nothing else.

Things to do in the signup route

Get users credentials

Validate

Send error code if any

Connect to database

Check if any existing user is present with the same email address

Hash password using bycrypt js

bycrypt js returns a Promise during hashing of password so we need to await for the response.

password: await hash(password, 12)
//hash(plain text, no. of salting rounds)

If all goes well, send a response and close connection with the database

import { MongoClient } from 'mongodb';
import { hash } from 'bcryptjs';
async function handler(req, res) {
    //Only POST mothod is accepted
    if (req.method === 'POST') {
        //Getting email and password from body
        const { email, password } = req.body;
        //Validate
        if (!email || !email.includes('@') || !password) {
            res.status(422).json({ message: 'Invalid Data' });
            return;
        }
        //Connect with database
        const client = await MongoClient.connect(
            `mongodb+srv://${process.env.MONGO_USER}:${process.env.MONGO_PASS}@${process.env.MONGO_CLUSTER}.n4tnm.mongodb.net/${process.env.MONGO_DB}?retryWrites=true&w=majority`,
            { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true }
        );
        const db = client.db();
        //Check existing
        const checkExisting = await db
            .collection('users')
            .findOne({ email: email });
        //Send error response if duplicate user is found
        if (checkExisting) {
            res.status(422).json({ message: 'User already exists' });
            client.close();
            return;
        }
        //Hash password
        const status = await db.collection('users').insertOne({
            email,
            password: await hash(password, 12),
        });
        //Send success response
        res.status(201).json({ message: 'User created', ...status });
        //Close DB connection
        client.close();
    } else {
        //Response for other than POST method
        res.status(500).json({ message: 'Route not valid' });
    }
}

export default handler;

Now that our signup route is in place, it's time to connect the frontend to the backend.

Posting Sign Up form

import { signIn } from 'next-auth/client';
//...
const onFormSubmit = async (e) => {
        e.preventDefault();
        //Getting value from useRef()
        const email = emailRef.current.value;
        const password = passwordRef.current.value;
        //Validation
        if (!email || !email.includes('@') || !password) {
            alert('Invalid details');
            return;
        }
        //POST form values
        const res = await fetch('/api/auth/signup', {
            method: 'POST',
            headers: {
                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
            },
            body: JSON.stringify({
                email: email,
                password: password,
            }),
        });
        //Await for data for any desirable next steps
        const data = await res.json();
        console.log(data);
    };
//...

With the Sign Up login in place, let's work with the Sign In logic.

Next-Auth provides us with Client API as well as REST API

The NextAuth.js client library makes it easy to interact with sessions from React applications.

NextAuth.js exposes a REST API which is used by the NextAuth.js client.

We will use both for signing in the users.

To add NextAuth.js to a project create a file called [...nextauth].js in pages/api/auth.

All requests to /api/auth/* (signin, callback, signout, etc) will automatically be handed by NextAuth.js.

With this help from next-auth, we need to implement our own sign-in logic for checking users stored on the database.

Things to do in the sign-in route:

Configure to use JWT

Specify provider from next-auth (Credentials)

For more providers, check

Connect to database

Check if the user is present

Send error response if any

Compare hashed password with the password stored on DB

Send response

Close DB connection

In [...nextauth].js:

import NextAuth from 'next-auth';
import Providers from 'next-auth/providers';
import { MongoClient } from 'mongodb';
import { compare } from 'bcryptjs';

export default NextAuth({
    //Configure JWT
    session: {
        jwt: true,
    },
    //Specify Provider
    providers: [
        Providers.Credentials({
            async authorize(credentials) {
                //Connect to DB
                const client = await MongoClient.connect(
                    `mongodb+srv://${process.env.MONGO_USER}:${process.env.MONGO_PASS}@${process.env.MONGO_CLUSTER}.n4tnm.mongodb.net/${process.env.MONGO_DB}?retryWrites=true&w=majority`,
                    { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true }
                );
                //Get all the users
                const users = await client.db().collection('users');
                //Find user with the email  
                const result = await users.findOne({
                    email: credentials.email,
                });
                //Not found - send error res
                if (!result) {
                    client.close();
                    throw new Error('No user found with the email');
                }
                //Check hased password with DB password
                const checkPassword = await compare(credentials.passowrd, result.passowrd);
                //Incorrect password - send response
                if (!checkPassword) {
                    client.close();
                    throw new Error('Password doesnt match');
                }
                //Else send success response
                client.close();
                return { email: result.email };
            },
        }),
    ],
});